The montreal protocol and its implications for climate change october 2009 executive summary in the context of international environmental treaties, the montreal protocol has seen unparalleled success. Pdf the importance of the montreal protocol in protecting climate. With negotiations under the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer montreal protocol considering limits on hydrofluorocarbons hfcs as potent greenhouse gases, this paper examines past transitions during the relatively short, but dynamic history of this international treaty. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, a protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. Accords were formally adopted by the cmp at its first session in montreal, canada, in december 2005. The ozone hole in antarctica has created a major buzz in the environmental protection realm.
Difference between montreal protocol and kyoto conference. Renelle gordon rushell rousseau slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Jacoby abstract under the kyoto protocol, the worlds wealthier countries assumed binding commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In effect, the kyoto protocol requires the worlds developed countries to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 5% from 1990 levels by. The montreal protocol was intended to be a blueprint for the kyoto protocol. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layerthe evolution of the montreal protocolbecause of the risks posed by ozone depletion, leaders from many countries decided to craft aworkable solution. It was designed to stop the production and import of ozone depleting substances and reduce their concentration in the atmosphere to help protect the earths ozone layer. Montreal protocol vs kyoto protocol the montreal protocol, which was originally established in 1987, was created as a result of the finding of the ozone hole over antarctica by rowland and molina. Kyoto protocol reference manual on accounting of emissions and assigned amount the kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change was adopted in kyoto, japan, in december 1997 and entered into force on 16 february 2005. The montreal protocol and its implications for climate change.
Sherwood rowland that cfcs could have some lingering effect in the earths atmosphere. The kyoto protocol is not strong enough to control significantly the impact of rising carbon emissions and concentrations. Originally, the requirements of the unfccc kyoto protocol, and therefore of the ghg protocol, were limited to a set of six individual ghgs or classes of ghgs. Resolving conflicts between multilateral environmental. This reduction has largely been driven by the 1987 united nations environment programme unep montreal protocol. Thus, one factor that led to the successful outcome of the montreal protocol was an advantageous. The full name of the kyoto protocol is the kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
The agreement requires these countries to consider ways to minimize adverse. Participation of malaysia under the montreal protocol and. This paper provides a critical assessment of the protocol s potential performance and discusses amendments to foster its effectiveness and efficiency. Montreal protocol means the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, adopted in montreal on 16 september. Montreal, 17 september 2007 international efforts to safeguard earths climate and protect the ozone layer are mutually supportive, say the united nations top climate change and environment officials. In the context of international environmental treaties, the montreal protocol. The kyoto protocol is an international agreement linked to the united nations framework convention on climate change. Amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete. In 2008, the only nonparties were andorra, holy see, iraq, san marino, timor leste. Climate considerations are not new to the montreal protocol. Climate change fund as well the adaptation fund under the kyoto. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
An international transaction log, a softwarebased accounting system. Kyoto protocol officially took effect and it focuses on the structure of the kyoto protocol. Although the research was based on literature, rowl. The kyoto protocol is a protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change, an international environmental treaty with the goal of stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Montreal and kyoto protocol free download as powerpoint presentation. The main objective of the multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol is to assist developing country parties to the montreal protocol whose annual per capita consumption and production of ozone depleting substances ods is less than 0. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases which is addressed by this protocol. Montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. Protocol alone is far larger than the reduction target of the first commitment period of the kyoto protocol.
At cop3 in japan, the conference adopts the kyoto protocol pdf. International protocols regarding global climate change and. By the kyoto meeting, five and a half years later, it was clear that only a. Are you meeting the kyoto protocol calculating your carbon dioxide footprint the kyoto protocol is an international agreement written by the united nations framework convention on climate change to limit or reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. The montreal protocol center for climate and energy. The 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozonedepleting substances odss. Proponents of an amendment to the montreal protocol argued that the protocol is responsible for the widespread use of hfcs, even though they are in the kyoto protocol s basket of. Using historical odss emissions and scenarios of potential emissions, we show that. But an extraordinarily successful agreement, the montreal protocol, has served largely to eliminate the production and use of ozonedepleting chemicals, while the kyoto protocol has spurred only modest steps toward. The kyoto protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that part one global warming is occurring and part two it is extremely likely that humanmade co 2 emissions have predominantly caused it. Concluded at montreal on 16 sep tember 1987 authentic texts. Montreal protocol, kyoto protocol, and the paris accord. Montreal and kyoto protocol greenhouse gas united nations. Oct 03, 2012 unfccc, kyoto protocol, montreal protocol by.
Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer with annex. Pdf over the last thirty years, climate change and depletion of the ozone layer have been widely believed to be the. The history of redd policy globally, deforestation accounts for up to 18% of greenhouse gas emissions, or about 5. As a mechanism for controlling climate change, the kyoto protocol has not been a success.
These amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the fiveyear period 20082012. For more than two decades, the 1987 montreal protocol has served as a shining example of how to get things done on the environment in the international arena. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the most successful global environmental agreement in history. This devastating event has escalated the environmental concerns and has also spawned a series of environmental protocols. Protocol calls on annex i countries 1 to pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of ghgs not controlled by the montreal protocol from aviation and marine. Since the introduction of the montreal protocol, european consumption eea28 in 1986 has fallen from approximately 343 000 ozone.
The kyoto protocol has now been ratified by 180 nations,7. Effective policy is impossible without communications with. Required greenhouse gases in inventories ghg protocol. Lambert richard schneider oekoinstitut, novalisstrasse 10, berlin, 10115, germany. The montreal protocol is a treaty to try to protect the ozone layer by reducing the using of ozone depleting materials such as chlorofluorocarbons. This comprehensive handbook outlines all amendments and decisions. This paper highlights the two environmental protocols namely, the montreal protocol and the kyoto protocol. Key lessons from the montreal protocol experience for promotion of a green economy. Protocol led to more reductions in greenhouse gases than what is foreseen under the kyoto. Dec 16, 2015 on top of that, the montreal protocol did more for climate change than kyoto did 10 gigatonnes carbon dioxide equivalent gt co2e, the unit of avoided co2 emissions avoided per year in 2010, which is 5 times the annual reduction target for the kyoto protocol over 20082012. Sunstein abstract over the last thirty years, climate change and depletion of the ozone layer have been widely believed to be the worlds largest environmental problems.
Arabic, chinese, english, french, russian and spanish. In 2012, the commitment period of the kyoto protocol came to an end. But an extraordinarily successful agreement, the montreal protocol, has served largely to eliminate the production and use of ozonedepleting chemicals, while the kyoto protocol has spurred only modest steps toward stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions. The world is now turning the page on kyoto and is focused on reaching a new agreement in copenhagen in december 2009. Even if all the nations of the world had ratified the kyoto protocol, the kyoto protocols effectiveness at halting global warming wont be that significant. The liberal government that signed the accord in 1997 ratified it in parliament in 2002. Kyoto failed to deter the united states from not participating, partly because of us concerns about leakage. One of its most important features is the dynamic process in which the controlling of all ozonedepleting substances is based on the latest scientific, technological and economic information. International control of the ozonedepleting substances and greenhouse gases although the two environmental problems of ozonedeple but at the same time destroy another potent greenhouse gas, tion and global warming are interrelated e. The montreal protocol protection of ozone and climate. It may seem that the usa is an outlier, but china, india, and the other developing countries only participated in the kyoto protocol because the agreement. Montreal protocol means the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, adopted in montreal on 16 september 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended. Montreal protocol department of agriculture, water and.
For analysis of the kyoto protocol, see pages 14 to 18 of this paper. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. Using the url or doi link below will ensure access to this page indefinitely. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer montreal protocol is an international agreement made in 1987, which has achieved universal ratification. Conclusion glossary bibliography biographical sketch summary. Protection of the ozone layer, it is the most universally ratified multilateral environmental agreement. Aware of the negative impact of the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and the climatic changes on the development of large regions of the earth, the international community has lately enforced a series of measures for the protection of the atmosphere. Are you meeting the kyoto protocol environmental science. Climate change is the defining challenge of our age. Pdf the 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark agreement that. By the kyoto meeting, five and a half years later, it was clear that only a few countries would achieve that reduction. Montreal protocol in 1973, at the university of california, irvine, mario molina suggested to his advisor f.
The united states firmly rejects the agreement, with unanimous bipartisan opposition to its ratification. Nov 11, 2008 montreal protocol, framework convention on climate change, kyoto protocol. Kyoto protocol reference manual on accounting of emissions and assigned amount the kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change was adopted in kyoto, japan, in december 1997 and. Volkmar hasse, gtz proklima, germany preface volkmar hasse, gtz proklima i. Unfccc, kyoto protocol, montreal protocol, pollution. They discovered that chlorofluorocarbons cfcs were the culprit of the ozone depletion. Copyright 2008 environmental law institute, washington, dc. This is more than global transport and aviation combined. Kyoto protocol simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sand and merrilyn wasson 1999, institutional dimensions of global environmental change idgec.
The rio treaty had set the aim of lowering emissions to the 1990 level by the year 2000. Principles grounding the climate change agreements 4. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. What accounts for the dramatic difference between the two protocols. Kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change the parties to this protocol, being parties to the united nations framework convention on climate change, hereinafter referred to as the convention, in pursuit of the ultimate objective of the convention as stated in its article 2.
The kyoto protocol is an international agreement on the reduction of greenhous gas emissions and on mechanisms aimed at cutting the costs of reducing emissions, in order to address possible changes in the climate. Kyoto protocol regards market mechanism as a new approach to solving the problem of greenhouse gas. The plan says that countries that adopt follow the kyoto protocol have to try to reduce how much carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that pollute the atmosphere they release into the air. Preserving montreal protocol climate benefits by limiting. The kyoto protocol and developing countries mustafa babiker, john m. The montreal protocol has been both groundbreaking and complex for a number of reasons. The legally binding treaty requires developed countries to reduce emissions by an average of 5 percent below 1990 levels and. Amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that. The 1987 montreal protocol regulating emissions of chlorofluorocarbons cfcs and other ozonedepleting substances odss was motivated primarily by the harm to human health and ecosystems arising from increased exposure to ultravioletb. It concludes that, even without any effective emission reductions in the initial commitment period, the ratification of kyoto is important for the further policy process of climate protection. Both involve global risks created by diverse nations, and both. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Reports of the ad hoc working group of legal and technical experts for the elaboration of a protocol on chlorofluorocarbons to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer vienna. The kyoto protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that part one global warming is occurring and part two it is extremely likely that humanmade co 2 emissions have.
While the epa arguably has the authority to implement the amendment without the advice and consent of the senate under 42 u. Apr 12, 2018 montreal protocol in 1973, at the university of california, irvine, mario molina suggested to his advisor f. Seventh revised draft protocol on chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone depleting substances, unepig. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. A significant reduction in the consumption of ozonedepleting substances ods has been achieved by the eea33 countries since 1986. The parties included in annex i shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the montreal protocol from aviation and. Article of the fccc, the noncompliance procedure of the montreal protocol served as the model and the experience gained in its application since 1991 was taken into account. Montreal protocol, framework convention on climate change. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer 1 preamble the parties to this protocol, being parties to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, mindful of their obligation under that convention to take appropriate measures to protect human health and the environment against. Linkages between the montreal and kyoto protocols enhancing. It investigates, in particular, the tension that has arisen with respect to the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases and the potential for drawing on the experience under the montreal protocol regarding data reporting and policy design on fluorinated greenhouse gases under the kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate. The importance of the montreal protocol in protecting.
The international climate community is working toward finding its replacement a new regime that will determine the future basis upon which global cooperation on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate change impacts will take place. Natural refrigerants sustainable ozone and climatefriendly alternatives to hcfcs introduction dr. Aug 04, 2010 the kyoto protocol is an agreement to try to reduce pollution of greenhouse gasses that is believed to be causing global warming. Canadas kyoto target was a 6% total reduction in greenhouse gas ghg emissions by 2012, compared to 1990 levels of 461 megatonnes mt government of canada gc 1994. A brief summary of two international provisions which aim to recuperate the environment from the deteriorating effects of various gaseous compunds. The montreal protocol and kyoto protocol complement these conventions and contain demands to district specific pollutant emissions. The rules and requirements for implementation of the kyoto protocol were further elaborated in a. Pdf the importance of the montreal protocol in protecting. Jul 10, 2006 but an extraordinarily successful agreement, the montreal protocol, has served largely to eliminate the production and use of ozonedepleting chemicals, while the kyoto protocol has spurred only modest steps toward stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions.
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